Ancestor
of the Month
June 2009
John Sutton
b.
1593 d. 1672
Our ancestor John Sutton was born
about 1593 in Attleborough, Norfolk, England. He was the son of Henry Sutton
and the grandson of Theron Sutton. Other than their names, little is known about
the two elder Suttons. John is considered “The Immigrant” for our
Sutton branch of the family tree.
Marriage
Most researchers believe that John
married Julian Little (c1595-1678), daughter of Francis Little in Attleborough, England about 1616. While in England the couple had five children: a boy, John,
Jr., (1617-1691) and four girls: Esther (1625-?), Anna (c1629-1673), Mary (1626-1704), and Margaret (1635-1700). (Daughter Hannah was probably born in the colonies.) Some
think that John may have had another wife before Julian, for the time period between the birth of John, Jr., (1617) and the
next child, Esther (1625) is eight years. (For what it’s worth, there are
also 6 years between Anna and Margaret) In addition, Hannah (1637-1642)
is sometimes omitted from the list of children. This omission could possibly
mean that her birth date was really 1638, after the family’s arrival in Massachusetts.
Journey to the Colonies
In 1638 while Hannah was still a
baby (or perhaps not yet born) and John, Jr., was already a man of 21 years, the Suttons decided to move to America. They were part of a group of 133 passengers who traveled to Ipswich, the capital of
Suffolk County in SE England, and booked passage on the ship Diligent, captained by John Martin of Ipswich. (The ship’s
passenger list is one reason for confusion about the children. The ship lists
John, wife, and four children. Hoping to provide specifics, early biographers
went to other sources for the children’s names. At least one or more listed
John, Jr.’s, children as John, Sr.’s, offspring. John, Jr., at age
21 would probably not have been listed as a child on the ship. In addition, his marriage took place in America; he did not
bring children or a wife with him on the Diligent. [If a way could
be found to make things confusing to future generations, our ancestors or their well-meaning biographers usually managed to
pursue that course.])
(It is interesting that the Suttons left the Hingham area of Norfolk County, in SE England to come
to Hingham, Suffolk County, in SE Massachusetts, New England. Perhaps the place
names made the settlers feel more “at home.” Many towns and counties
in Massachusetts [and VA] were named after towns and counties in England.) .
In all probability, John and Julian
left England because of religious reasons. I was unable to find for certain what
their religious beliefs were, and, in fact, their beliefs may have evolved over time.
We might assume that originally they were members of the Anglican Church. They
apparently became part of the Separatist movement (from which the Puritans also evolved), for they chose to sail to Boston
in 1638 with their destination: “bound for Hingham, Massachusetts.”
Hingham, MA
Geographically Hingham was a little
less than half way between the two older settlements of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, and wisely it tried to maintain that
separation in other ways, too. Settlers from around the town of Hingham, in Norfolk
Co, England where the Sutton family had lived, had been coming to New England and settling near each other since 1633. No doubt these people had written to their friends and relatives in their former home. Their new settlement in Massachusetts was originally called Bare Cove [not Bear Cove]
because that was how the area looked; almost its entire harbor was exposed at low tide.
(Early court documents back up this spelling of the name). By 1635 enough
colonists had come to the Bare Cove settlement for the place to need some supervision.
Hence, the May court of that year swore in Joseph
Andrews as constable of the place, and the town passed a resolution officially changing the name from Bare Cove to Hingham.
Unreliable Records
The town kept some records of
the people arriving, receiving lands, and settling in the area, but the records could have been more complete. In 1638 John Sutton and his family were included in the list of yearly arrivals. The third clerk of the town of Hingham wrote:
The number of persons who
came over in the ship 'Diligent,' of Ipswich, in the year 1638, and settled in Hingham, was one hundred and thirty-three.
All that came before were forty-two, making in all one hundred and seventy-five. The whole number that came out of Norfolk
(chiefly from Hingham, and its vicinity) from 1633 to 1639, and settled in this Hingham, was two hundred and six.
Modern
historians say that
there was a much larger
number of settlers here [in Hingham] in 1639 than would appear from [the clerk’s] estimate….Many of the first
settlers removed to other places during the militia difficulties which occurred within a few years after the settlement of
the town; and a considerable number had previously obtained lands at Rehoboth.
In addition, a possible (and
major) reason for the discrepancies might be that Mr. Cushing, the clerk who made the ship’s list for the town records,
was 19 years old when the ship Diligent arrived; however, he was in his 60’s when he attempted to make a complete
list of those on board.
Four Acres for the Suttons
The
town of Hingham gave John Sutton four acres of land for his family. (Had they
gone to VA, PA, or SC, the Suttons would probably have received 50 acres per family member.)
We may assume that after receiving their land, the family built a house and began farming, for years later, after John,
Sr.’s, death, John, Jr., sold the house the family had built on the four-acre lot.
Public records for Suffolk Co in 1653 state:
John Sutton junior of Cittuate in New England Carpinter. . . conveys to Mathew Cushen Senior
of Hingham. . . my house & all my house lott Containeing fower accres of land . . . wch was giuen by the Town of Hingham
to John Sutton my father. [original spelling retained.]
The fact that John Sutton, Jr., is identified as “carpinter” is significant in that carpentry
was a skill often used by colonists who did not have a lot of money to buy land. Perhaps
both he and his father supplemented the family income through carpentry, though I was unable to find John, Sr., identified
as a carpenter. One reason that John, Jr., may have chosen to take his family
to Scituate, MA after his father died was that that town had a blossoming ship building trade.
As a carpenter, John, Jr.’s, skills would have been valuable there. (Later John, Jr.’s, sister Margaret
married Joseph Carpenter, who, fittingly, was a carpenter/joiner by trade.)
Hardships and Intolerance
Times were very hard in early
Massachusetts. In addition to the difficult tasks of surviving and fighting the
wilderness, the weather, the Indians, illness, and the like, colonists found that religious intolerance was again rearing
its ugly head to make life even harder. Both Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies had made it known that they would brook no deviation from their stated
beliefs. They had, after all, endured persecution, a long hard ocean journey,
unbelievably difficult winters, and other hardships to be able to believe “freely” in what they wanted to believe. One might suspect that such experiences would make them more tolerant of others, but
the opposite was true. In the old world they had been the minority; here they
were the majority. After suffering all their persecutions and miseries, the Puritans
and Pilgrims were determined that those living inside their boundaries would abide by Puritan “rules” or suffer
the consequences.
This intolerance took several forms. Rev. John Cotton (1585-1652), grandfather of Rev. Cotton Mather (1663-1728), both noted Puritan clergymen,
brought about a law that prohibited a man from voting unless he was both a member of the Puritan church and a property owner. (Non-Puritans had their private property taken from them). This law was actually to be expected, for in England citizens were required by law to become members of
the Church of England. In addition, all colonists—members of the church
or not—were required by law to attend Puritan church services. “If the Church Warden caught any person truant
from church services without illness or permissible excuse, the truant was pilloried and the truant's ear was nailed to the
wood.”
Strict punishments for non-compliance with Puritan “rules”
were enforced—including public whippings, the cutting off of body parts (such as a finger), arrest, imprisonment, banishment, hanging, and/or other deterrents (such as the above mentioned nailing an ear to the stocks).
Because of these punishments, Hingham’s
location outside Plymouth and outside Boston (Massachusetts Bay Colony) made it even more attractive, especially for those
Separatists, Brownists, Baptists, and, dare we say it—Quakers—who might find themselves in jeopardy. (Brownists
were followers of Robert Browne, founder of the Congregational church.)
Establishing a New Town
When Roger Williams was thrown out
of Plymouth in 1635, he searched for land where he and his followers could be free to worship as they chose. They wanted land outside the boundaries of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay.
He went first to today’s Rehoboth/Seekonk area,
on the east shore of Narragansett Bay and the Pawtucket River. He purchased
land there from the Indians, but Plymouth claimed the land he had purchased and threw Williams and his followers out. All the people who came after Williams suffered the same fate. They would buy Indian land and then would be thrown off the land by either Plymouth or Massachusetts Bay. Finally, Williams was forced to move across the river to Providence where he established
Providence Plantations, and there in 1639 he established what is generally recognized
as the first Baptist church in America.
John Sutton and his family arrived
in Hingham in 1638, one year before Providence was founded. They remained in
Hingham until 1642. Their move coincided with the recent founding of Rehoboth
in 1641. In that year both Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay raised concern “about ‘wickedness’ and ‘offenses against churches.’” That concern is probably what prompted the Rev. Samuel Newman to ask Plymouth Colony for permission
to settle and to purchase the right to settle north of the area Roger Williams had originally chosen. Some modern historians believe the Plymouth government did not really understand just which land was involved. Newman was not as controversial as Roger Williams.
He was, however, “a thorn in the side of the Plymouth Colony,” and they were probably glad to get rid of
him. He was “strong minded and intelligent” and had a group of followers who agreed with his views which were “somewhat
different than the established church.”
Rehoboth
When
Newman acquired the land near the Pawtucket River, he named it Rehoboth. This
name is mentioned three times in the Bible—the most fitting being in Genesis 27:22 which speaks of disputed land. “And he [Isaac] moved away from there, and he dug another well, and they did
not quarrel over it; so he named it Rehoboth, for he said ‘ At last the Lord has made room for us, and we shall be fruitful
in the land.’” Newman and his followers purchased the land (approximately
a square mile) together as a proprietary body. Each congregation member had a
definite land allotment as part of that proprietary body. After laying out the
property lines, the church members drew lots to decide fairly who would receive which parts of the land the group had bought.
When
John and his family moved to Rehoboth in 1642, it is believed that he was probably a follower of Rev. Newman, but there might
have been other reasons for the family’s move. In 1643 after the move,
John, Sr., deeded his house in Hingham to his son John, Jr. John, Jr.,
had remained in Hingham where he married and had a family of his own. He and
his family lived on his father’s former property. Esther, Anna, and
Margaret remained with their parents until they married. Hannah was 5 years old
when the family moved. She died that year and was buried in Rehoboth. Many researchers note that ”John, his wife, and one daughter were buried in Rehoboth.”
The Sutton Family
Other
than the writing and probate of his will, virtually nothing else is known about John Sutton.
It is said that “he spent the rest of his life in Rehoboth and was buried there.” We do, however, know some facts about the rest of the family, but, as usual, there is a catch. Apparently another Sutton family or two lived in the area, and research has been hindered by the
mingling of information about some of the members of these alternate families. (If
you find that I have made errors, please let me know through the guest book. Thanks.)
John
Sutton, Jr. (1620-1691) married Elizabeth House (Howse)
(1636-1679) daughter of Samuel and Alice Lloyd House (Howse) on 1 Jan 1660/61 in Scituate, MA.
(Some say Elizabeth’s mother was Elizabeth Hammond.) The couple
had eight children: John, Mary, Sarah, Hannah, Hester, Benjamin, Nathaniel, and
Nathan. Elizabeth and all eight children are named in John, Jr.’s,
will. After selling his father’s house, John and Elizabeth moved to Scituate,
Plymouth Co., MA where they remained until John, Jr’s., death 12 Nov 1691. Elizabeth,
it is said, moved to Rye, NY where she died. She may have remarried. Son Benjamin would change the family name to Sitton.
Margaret
Sutton (1635-1700) married Joseph Carpenter (1633-1675) son of William and
Abigail Bennett Carpenter on 25 May 1655 in Rehoboth, MA. They moved to Swansea, MA about 1661 after the death of Joseph’s father, William. In 1666 Joseph Carpenter became one of the seven founders of the first Baptist Church in Swansea, Massachusetts. The church at Swansea was the fourth Baptist church in America. It was originally formed in the
fall of 1666 at Rehoboth and was relocated to Swansea about a year later. Joseph may have actually helped build the church physically since he was by occupation a
carpenter/joiner and yeoman (yeoman = farmer).
In addition to his church work, Joseph was active in civic affairs. He
served on a coroner’s jury in Rehoboth in 1662. In
Swansea in 1671 he was a way warden (or overseer of highways). In Plymouth Colony
he served as a grand juror in 1673 and was appointed to preserve the town’s timber and wood. Joseph was probably fairly
well educated for the time because he signed his will rather than using a mark, and several books are mentioned in his estate
inventory. Joseph and Margaret had nine children: Joseph, Jr., Abigail, Benjamin, Esther, Martha, John, Hannah, Solomon, and Margaret. Some sources say that after Joseph’s death in 1675, Margaret Sutton Carpenter
moved to East Providence, RI. However, she herself died shortly after Joseph
because she presented her husband’s inventory for probate
on 21 March 1675, and her own inventory was presented on 4 Oct 1676, so she, too is probably buried in Rehoboth. (Info about the widowhood of Margaret in Providence and her sister-in-law Elizabeth in Rye, NY, may actually
be about one of the other Sutton families.)
Esther Sutton (c1625-?)
married Richard Bowen (1624-1675) son of Richard and Ann Born Bowen of Swansea, Glamorgan,
Wales [or of Llwyngwair, Pembrokeshire, Wales] on 4 Mar 1646 in Rehoboth, Bristol Co., MA.
Richard and Esther had nine children: Richard, Hester, Sarah (1), Sarah
(2), Obadiah (1), William, Thomas, Mary, John, Obadiah (2). Sarah (2) and Obadiah
(2) were named after siblings who died at an early age. Richard died and was
buried in Rehoboth. Esther’s date of death and place of burial are unknown.
Mary Sutton (1626-1703) married Captain John Fitch (?-21Jan 1697/98) son of Thomas and Anna Reeve Fitch. (Thomas Fitch was a cloth manufacturer in Bocking, Essex, England) (Some say John’s
parents were Zacharie and Mary Fitch of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England. Captain
Fitch may have received his rank as a soldier in the English Civil Wars [1642-1646 and 1648] or in the colonial militia. I was unable to determine where or how he received his rank. One of his brothers was also a Captain and another was a minister.
John and Mary had five children: Mary, Sarah, Rebecca, Hannah, and Jeremiah. After Mary’s death on 4 Nov 1703 in Rehoboth, John married twice more, first
to Ann Hillier, then to Ann Unknown.
Anna Sutton (c1629-1673)
married John Daggett/Doggitt (1626-1707) son of John and Bethsheba Pratt Daggett on 23 Sep 1651. (Some sources give John
and Hepzibah Brotherton Doggitt as John’s parents. The elder Daggett was
married twice.) Anna and John
had at least one son named Nathaniel who was born (Aug 1661), married (24 Jun 1686), died (14 Dec 1708), and was buried (1708)
in Rehoboth. Nathaniel’s wife was Rebecca Miller (1661-1711), daughter of John and Elizabeth Millard. (No info on why
Rebecca changed her name from Millard to Miller.)
Hannah Sutton (1637-1642)
died as a five-year-old in Rehoboth.
John Sutton and his family are to be admired for the bravery and stamina they found to endure the rigors
of life in the New World. Almost certainly they put aside their fears in order
to come to a place where they could practice their religious beliefs. Ancestors
such as John Sutton show the importance religion and determination have played in our family heritage.
John Sutton was Mamaw’s
7-great grandfather. If you are Mary Elizabeth Hatcher’s great great grandchild,
John Sutton is your 11-great grandfather.
Line of Descent from John Sutton to Mary Elizabeth (Betsy) Hatcher
John Sutton (1593-1672) + Julian Little (c1595-1678)
John Sutton, Jr. (1617-1691) + Elizabeth House (1636-1679)
Benjamin Sitton
(1673-1742) + Lydia Unknown (1665-1730)
John Sitton
(1700-?) + Elizabeth Pindell (1729-?)
Joseph Sitton (1745-?) +
Diannah Beck (1749-1832)
Joseph Sutton (1782-aft 1860) + Elizabeth Fox (1783-aft 1860)
Joseph Sutton (1812 -?) + Christina "Ticy" Fox (c1810-?)
Russell Merritt Sutton (1834-1874) + Elizabeth Ann "Betsy" Headrick (c1836-?)
Susan Sutton (1867-1903) + Elder Israel Alexander Hatcher (1860-1950)
Mary Elizabeth Hatcher 1889-1969 + Rev. Eli McCarter (1886-1955
Sources
“600
Acres, The.” Joseph Bucklin Society
http://www.bucklinsociety.net/600 _acres.htm.
Ancestors
of Frances Jean Jones http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/j/o/n/Frances-J-Joneslory/GENE4-0025.html
Banks, Charles E. The Planters of the Commonwealth. New York: Houghton
Mifflin Co., 1930. pp191-94
http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ski/scott/diligent.html
Bliss,
Leonard. The History of Rehoboth, Bristol County, Massachusetts: Comprising
a History of the Present Towns of Rehoboth, Seekonk, and Pawtucket, from Their Settlement to the Present Time; Together with
Sketches of Attleborough, Cumberland, and a Part of Swansey and Barrington, to the Time that They Were ... n.p: Otis, Broaders, & Co., 1836.
Original
from Harvard University Digitized Sep 1, 2006. 294 pages http://books.google.com/books?id=i6hrP5Hdbu4C
“Descendants of John Jr.
[Sitton] Sutton.” www.txgenweb2.org/txward/descendants_of_john_jr_sitton.htm
“Descendants of John Sutton.” http://home.bellsouth.net/p/s/community.dll?ep=87&subpageid=143784&ck=
“Descendants of Phillip
Sitton.” http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/s/i/t/Bert-J-Sitton/GENE8-0001.html
“Family Hart Database”: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=SHOW&db=familyhart&surname=Cramer%2C+Daniel
“Howard
C. Griffin Relatives”
http://worldconnect.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=AHN&db=hcgriff&id=I364
“Joseph
Carpenter.” In Ancestors of Eastmill . http://fam.eastmill.com/f2063.htm
“JOSEPH
CARPENTER (WILLIAM2–1) OF REHOBOTH AND SWANSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.” http://members.cox.net/jrcrin001/Joseph3-Rehoboth&Swansea.pdf.
Long,
John D. “EARLY SETTLERS of Hingham, Massachusetts” from History of Hingham published 1893, pages 201-209
OCRed and editing by David Blackwell and Lisa Whiting 1998
“Mass. Bay Colony” http://www.quaqua.org/pilgrim.htm
“Millard/Miller
of Rehoboth”
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=AHN&db=njpatrn&id=I062557
“Rehoboth
Area” Joseph Bucklin Society
http://www.bucklinsociety.net/rehoboth_area.htm
“Rehoboth.” Just Define.com http://www.just-define.com/rehoboth-definition.htm
“They
Left England” gailstapestry.com/id42.htmgailstapestry.com/id42.
